Architect
Last updated
Last updated
The technical architecture of Runes Chain is shown in Figure Comprising two fundamental layers, Rollup Layer and Data Availability Layer, Runes Chain seeks to redefine the way we perceive Bitcoin Layer-2 solutions.
Runes Chain employs ZK-Rollup as Rollup Layer. ZK-Rollup Layer adopts the zkEVM solution, responsible for the execution of user transactions within the Layer-2 network and the output of related proofs.
Users' transactions are submitted and processed in the ZK-Rollup Layer. The users' state is also stored in the ZK-Rollup Layer. The batch proposals and the generated zero-knowledge proofs are forwarded to the Data Availability Layer for storage and verification.
Data Availability Layer includes Decentralized Storage, Runes Nodes, and Bitcoin Network. This layer is responsible for permanently storing copies of rollup data, verifying rollup zk proofs, and ultimately performing the final confirmation on Bitcoin.
A pivotal aspect of Runes Chain, the decentralized storage serves as the repository for the ZK-Rollup's user transactions and their respective proofs. By decentralizing storage, the network inherently enhances security, reduces single points of failure, and ensures data immutability.
Runes Nodes consist of multiple modules, performing various roles:
They incentivize Decentralized Storage, ensuring accurate and efficient storage of Runes rollup data copies through zk proof of storage and economic incentives.
Runes Nodes validate the zk proof of rollups, checking the accuracy and efficiency of zk rollup transactions and state generation.
Runes Nodes provide decentralized sequencer services for Runes rollups, selecting sequencers in a DPoS-like manner, ensuring decentralization and preventing malfeasance by a single sequencer.
Runes Nodes supply Bitcoin block and transaction data for integrating Bitcoin state in Runes rollups and generate zero-knowledge proofs to ensure data security.
The Bitcoin committer module of B² Nodes writes rollup data into Bitcoin via Tapscript, creates bit value commitments for zk proof verification, and performs final confirmations on Bitcoin through challenge-response mechanisms.
Runes Nodes maintain Schnorr multi-signature verifiers.
Bitcoin Network is the final settlement layer for Runes Nodes. Users can recover all Runes rollup transactions through Bitcoin and validate their authenticity using zk proofs recorded on Bitcoin. Runes Chain employs zk proof verification commitment and challenge-response mechanisms for final confirmations on Bitcoin. This process, supported by Bitcoin's robust Proof of Work (POW) algorithm, ensures the security of Runes rollup.
